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Medical Imaging / Scans: Radiology (e.g. Mammograms, CT scans, X-rays), MRIs, and Ultrasounds : Evidence of Harm

Curation Overview

In this curation, we examine the documented evidence of physical and biological harm from routine medical imaging.

This is closely aligned with, but differentiated from, the curation on Screening & Over-Diagnosis, which focuses on the systemic harms of “early detection” screening beyond the direct physical effects of medical imaging itself.

Objective

Be familiar with medical imaging modalities and terminology (including types of scans such as ultrasound, EKG, MRI, X-rays, CT scans, angiograms, mammograms, DEXA scans, and gamma imaging), and cite more than 65 references on the physical harms of radiation and contrast agents, plus how defensive medicine and financial conflicts drive overuse.

Vocabulary

angiogram, angiography, arteriogram, computed tomography, contrast agent, ct / cat scan, dexa scan, echocardiogram, ekg / ecg / electrocardiogram, fluoroscopy, gamma imaging, ionization, ionizing radiation, mammogram, medical imaging, mri scan / magnetic resonance imaging, non-ionizing radiation, nuclear medicine imaging, particle / particulate radiation, radiation, radiograph, radiography, radiopharmaceutical, scan (medical), scintigraphy, sonography, tracers, ultrasound imaging, x-ray

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